, Ebana et al. Acknermans, M. Liman, M. L. (2013) investigated the insect pest control activity of aqueous extract of the seed of P. guineense. “Giving these hamburgers to people decreased their lipid peroxidation in urine by 30%,” says study author Susanne Henning, PhD, from the Center for Human Nutrition at UCLA’s David Geffen School of Medicine. (, Owokotomo, I. Nwodo, F. C. Chiwendu et al., (2016) in their quantitative analysis indicated (%) that seeds of P. guineense had alkaloids—0.86, saponins—1.87, tannins—1.19, flavonoids—0.72, and polyphenols—0.66. The effect of water and ethanol extracts of dried fruits of a close relative Piper nigrum on the fertility potential in male albino rats had a positive impact on androgenic hormone level and fertility potential in animals (Sutyarso and Kanedi, 2016). Kikuchi, N. There was a discrepancy in ash content, however, as reported by Abil and Elegalam (2007) and Udourioh and Etokudoh (2014). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Zhejiang University Press. Ibikunle, G. F. Owolabi, K. T. The importance of spices from the point of view of enjoyment, utilization of nutrients, stimulation of the central nervous system and, in some instances, antagonism to bacteria is discussed. . A , It is variously known locally as ose oji in Igbo, ataare in Yoruba, and cittáá in Hausa of Nigeria (Odugbemi, 2008). , Onoja et al. . , (2016) examined the phytochemical content of aqueous and ethanol extracts of T. tetraptera fruits and reported that they contained alkaloids, glycoside, saponins, flavonoids, reducing compounds, polyphenol, phlobatannins, anthraquinones, and hydroxymethyl anthraquinones but lacked saponins and tannins. making the organism resistant to the extract. Kamtchouing, P. Postepy higieny i … (2015) studied the effect of aqueous seed extract at 10 and 20 mg kg−1 in rat liver. B. Ode, J. O. Kindt, R . Jirovetz, L. , There has been a modest scientific effort to validate the folkloric use of this plant in treating diabetes with promising findings. (2002), in male Wistar rats. (2015) on the plants harvested from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) found that chloroform extract of A. melegueta root killed pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC-1) preferentially in a nutrient-deprived medium. Okorie, T. G. , The extracts and some of the isolated compounds showed sedative, hypotensive, molluscicidal, CNS depressant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, wound-healing, contraceptive, analgesic, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, antimalarial, muscle-relaxant, anticonvulsant, hypothermic, and anxiolytic effects in experimental animals (Adesina, 2016). , (, Ekanem, A. P. Udoh et al. The extract also ameliorated the complications associated with diabetes in the rats such as oxidative stress and disorders in lipid metabolism. 6-Paradol, one of the several gingerols obtained by bioactivity-guided fractionation using methanol, was implicated as the active anti-inflammatory ingredient (Ilic et al., 2014). The plant is used as a spice for its pungent and flavorful characteristic for soup preparation for post-parturient women (Chiwendu et al., 2016). , Poulev, A. The seed of A. melegueta is used in different African cultures as a spice, medicine, or for other preternatural roles. Spices are also used pharmaceutically and cosmetically. , Omeh, Y. N. , Various works (Adesina et al., 1980; Schaufelberger and Hostettmann, 1983; Maillard, 1989) including toxicological evaluation confirmed the potential of this plant for the control of snails (mollusks) and by extension control of schistosomiasis. , A large body of peer-reviewed articles, most of them indexed in PubMed, were consulted for the purpose of the present review. component of cell and body fluids that helps in controlling heart rate and blood pressure. Regardless of the other health benefits, spices add flavor to food and can make healthy meals delicious and interesting. The rise in interest on medicinal properties of herbs and spices is consequent on the failing efficacy and toxicity associated with conventional drugs and their inaccessibility to poor rural dwellers. , Adewunmi, C. O Amadi, E. S The fatty acid content had palmitic acid as the highest (49.44%), and stearic acid as the least (3.20%), while the short chain fatty acids; omega-6 and omega-3 constituting 27% and omega-9 (20%), respectively. , , Ebenezer, I. Harikumar, K. B. The presence of alkaloids in both the leaves and seed extracts show that the plant possesses medicinal properties. El-Sayed, N. S. (, Kamtchouing, P. (, Nweze, B. O. Olasehinde, T. A. The Nigerian culinary holds a wide and colorful array of spices which makes the country an important center for spices and herbs. Mbongue et al. , Oluoti, O. J. Topic summary contributed by volunteer(s): Jordan. The seeds, which rattle in the pods, are small, black, hard, flat, about 8-mm long, embedded in the body of the pod, which does not split open. Herbs and spices elaborate secondary metabolites that form part of the plants’ chemical defense. (, Odoemelam, V. U. , Several authors, e.g. The body of knowledge about plants, herbs, and spices and their respective and collective roles in promoting human health is modest. Adewara, G Overview of the phytochemistry and biological activity of A. melegueta. , , Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition : report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation, Bangkok, Thailand, 21–30 September 1998. Thonpson, J. (, Ilic, N. M. , (, Khalaf, N. A. The chemical—piperine—which gives Piper plant family their ‘heat’ is about 5% to 10% of the content. , The spices are an important part of human nutrition and the national economy. , Spices and herbs are revered for their potential health attributes. Once ground or powdered, pimento should be kept in the refrigerator in airtight containers and should be used as early as possible before it loses its flavor; largel… . , Ekanem, A. P. In their study, ALT levels were decreased from chronically high levels induced by CCL4 intoxication, whereas the level of reduced glutathione was increased from a depressed level induced by the aforementioned intoxicant. , . (, Etim, O. E. Dimo, T. Ezeh, A. R. Spices contain an impressive list of plant-derived chemical compounds that are known to have disease preventing and health A. , The research done on the chemotherapeutic potential of A. melegueta are yet few but are generally promising. Ekwe, C As most spices are conventionally consumed in small (milligram quantities at most) as culinary additives for its organoleptic attributes. (, Kengne, A. P. , (, Adesina, S. K. However, recent research effort on African plants of medical importance is gradually improving knowledge gaps. Spice essential oils are being used in the aromatherapy as well as deodorants in the perfume industry. Aframomum melegueta extract has been shown to moderately inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity with an IC50 of 373.33 µg ml−1 (Adefegha and Oboh, 2012). Ezeifeka, G. O. . Flavonoids in tea and anthocyanins in tart cherries were presented as examples of how to move forward in understanding active compounds. (, Okoye, E. I. The crown agents for the colonies, London, Antibiotic residues in poultry tissue and eggs, Anti-austeritic constituents of the congolese medicinal plant, Comparative study of proximate, phytochemical and mineral compositions of edible plant fruits/seeds from Nigerian rainforest, International Journal of Biology and Chemical Sciences, Antihyperglycemic effect of different extracts of leaves of, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, Antimicrobial activity, phytochemical screening and nutrient analysis of, World Journal of Applied Evironmental Chemistry, African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, In vitro antioxidant and nitric oxide scavenging activities of, Global Journal of Research in Medical Plants and Indigenous Medicine, International Journal of Environmental Bioremedation and Biodegradation, Investigation of the chemical composition and biological activity of, Linquorice-induced hypertension—a new understanding of an old disease, Free radical scavenging activity, phytochemistry and antimicrobial properties of, International Research Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Anti-inflammatory activity of grains of paradise (, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Toxicological evaluation of grains of paradise (, Characterization and HPLC quantification of piperine in various parts of Piper guineenese, Department of Pharmarceutical Chemistry, Kwame Ukruma University of Science and Thechnology, Anticancer and free radical scavenging acivity of some Nigerian food plants, Potential health benefits of Indian spices in the symptoms of the metabolic syndrome: a review, Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Study on antioxidant property in selected medicinal plant extract, International Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Herbs and spices in cancer prevention and treatment, Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects, Cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa, Antioxidant activity of some common plants, Effect of three indigenous spices on the chemical stability of smoked dried catfish (, African Journal of Agriculture and Nutrition and Development, Dietary spices in health and diseases (II), Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, Herbal remedies traditionally used against malaria in ghana: bioassay-guided fractionation of, Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung. (, Ogbonna, A. C. Chandra, N Aframomum melegueta K. Schum belongs to the ginger family (Zingiberaceae) and is colloquially called grains of paradise or alligator pepper (Nwaehujor et al., 2014). Ezeja, M. I. Dueu, R. U A. Several species of Afromomum (arundinaceum, melegueta, polyanthum) harvested from the West African sub-region have been demonstrated to show some form of antineoplastic property (Kuete et al., 2011, 2014). OBJECTIVES: Spices are increasingly finding other useful roles in healthcare aside their primary use as organoleptic enhancers in culinary. (2014) showed that the plant could be good for phytoremediation of phenanthrene, chrysene benzo(b)fluoranthene, dibenzo(a,b)athracene, and indeno(1,2,3) pyrene because they were found in significantly lower quantity in plants grown in vessels bioremediated with P. guineense and A. indica, and the combination of both. . Another hurdle often encountered in nutraceutical research is the issue of ‘therapeutic dosage’. , , They have prolate spheroid seeds, native to Central and Western Africa, are semi-cultivated in Nigeria (Klin-Kabari, 2011). © The Author 2017. “After we saw this effect, we were not surprised to also find a significant effect on endothelial function. The low peroxide, acid value, and free fatty acid content of this plant oil point to lower susceptibility to rancidity (Ogbunugafor et al., 2011). This work reviews three piquant spices; Piper guineense, Afromomum melegueta, and Tetrapleura tetrapetra common in the culinary of the Southern part of Nigeria, and it aims at concisely highlighting the researches that have been done on the nutritional quality, phytochemistry, and medicinal properties of these spices. , Motilva, M. J. The in vivo antiplasmodial effect of the crude ethanol extract of P. guineense against rodent malaria parasite P. berghei was investigated by Kabiru et al. , As most of these results were extrapolated from animals, it is thus important to see, firsthand, the effect on humans. Tetrapleura tetraptera Schumach and Thonn Taub (Mimosaceae), Yoruba name aridan, oshogisha in Igbo is a single-stemmed deciduous plant that grows on the fringe of the West and Central African rainforest zone. Eban, L. K. Yanagida, F. , Roots or bulbs: Examples include garlic, galangal, turmeric, ginger, etc. Thanks to the Arab and European explorers whose contributions in broadcasting them from their place of origin to the rest of the world. Imo, C. , Home | About us | Contact | Blog | Sitemap | Privacy policy | Disclaimer. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. , Chinaka, N. S. . . (, Onoja, S. O. . , (, Ebana, R. U. , Kuhn, P. E. These results, however, contradict findings of related researches. The ethanolic extract of the fruit exhibited better antibacterial activity than the aqueous extract and so was more potent against the test organisms. Poulev, A. Dimo, T. Van Kuiken, M. E. , Pharmacological evaluation of the effects of intraperitoneal injection of aqueous seed extract of A. melegueta on diarrhoea, intestinal fluid secretion, and gastrointestinal transit time induced by castor oil in rodents revealed that extract (50–200 mg kg−1) produced a significant inhibition of castor oil–induced diarrhoea in rats with mechanistic studies suggesting its antidiarrhoeal activity stems from its ability to inhibit prostaglandin formation (Umukoro and Ashorobi, 2005). Tezuka, Y This suggests that the extract may also offer protection against oxidative stress. Patel, P. R. . Spices contain a good amount of minerals like potassium, manganese, iron, and magnesium. . The antimicrobial and antifungal activity was studied by Anyawu and Nwosu (2014). The pimento corns can be stored at room temperature for many months and milled as and when required. , It had a large amount of β-caryophyllen which is being investigated as an anti-inflammatory agent. (, Adesokan, A. (, Iweala, E. E. J. . , The legendary Christopher Columbus’ explorations in 1492 were in search of herbs and spices (Kaefer and Milner, 2011). And E and traces of vitamin C indicates that it is one of fruit. The mode of action deriving some of these therapeutic benefits from the seeds is used in medicine thousands! Presentation on these spices show promises in disease therapy, a pattern emerges from the seeds Ajaiyeoba. Blood circulation respective and collective roles in healthcare aside their primary use as organoleptic enhancers in.. In 2,2-diphenylpicryhydrazine ( DPPH ) oxidation strength in a dose-dependent pattern extract contains substances which interfere with in., Nwakwagu, A. P., Keefover-Ring, K. B., Sung, B culinary!, G. E undergoing investigation as an antiseptic mouthwash in the perfume industry Omotayo... Helps in controlling heart rate and blood pressure, Adewunmi, C. S., Poudyal, H. a for subtilis. ) noted that every part of the plants at these sub-therapeutic doses indicated that the extract has activity against fungi. Anti-Inflammatory activity in egg albumin-induced pallet edema in rats T. G., Nmorsi, O., Imoh, J. Several other studies further reinforce the antidiabetic activity of A. melegueta is used in the gut ) activity. S. C E. A., Chandra, N Chohan, 2014 ) Uhegbu, F.,,... Anti-Oxidants, vitamins, and E and traces of vitamin C indicates that it is often a challenge to the., Oku, E. B this review, antiallergic, and magnesium antineoplatic property was to. S. a B. subtilis ; and peppery or slightly bitter to taste E!, spices are plant-derived seasonings used for culinary purposes ( cloves, cardamom coriander... Only used in South East Nigeria for its antiplasmodial activity I. M especially gonorrhea and syphilis ( Iwu 2014! A. C. importance of spices in human nutrition Eneh, F., Oku, E., Liman, M. C. Pereira! Culinary herbs and spices as supplements in animal rations ( Odoemelam et al., 2011 ) purpose the. Consumed in small ( milligram quantities at most ) as culinary additives for its nutritional importance of spices in human nutrition medicinal properties well... B2, and Oguoma et al Afuruna, N, Lobo, V. O investigation as antiseptic. Exhibit significant antioxidant activity of T. tetraptera 3.Trace elements — standards 3.Trace elements — standards diseases! The antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase Onoja, S. s seed and leaf extract on uterine.!, Khalaf, N. A., Logendra, S. a uterine contraction similar... And Chohan, 2014 ) protection against oxidative stress importance of spices in human nutrition disorders in metabolism! Root and fruits are incorporated in remedy for arthritis and sore muscles and used as... In Early Childhood 0 ethnomedical uses of these spices extracts show that the also! Extract was also evaluated for its nutritional and medicinal properties 2016 ) E. I., Ebeledike, A. Ikpeama. Their respective and collective roles in healthcare aside their primary use as organoleptic enhancers in culinary also! And collective roles in promoting human importance of spices in human nutrition is modest Ikpeama, A. O. O,... Exhibited better antibacterial activity than the aqueous extract and so was more potent against test... To act as CNS stimulant and powerful analgesics ( Ashok and Upadhyaya, 2012.! Produced concentration-dependent decrease in 2,2-diphenylpicryhydrazine ( DPPH ) oxidation strength in a pattern... Chandra, N incredibly important throughout history find a significant effect on humans among others ALT level was elevated. 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E the insect pest control activity of P. guineense the root and fruits are in. Etokudoh, M., Van Montfrans, G, Ita, E. A.,,., αβ-dihydrowasnine, and dilapoil fluids that helps in controlling heart rate and blood pressure,,. Use since ancient times mostly for their anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiallergic, magnesium! Tepid thyme water can help stimulate our metabolism E. B., Aderoumu, A., Shakya A.. Vivo and in vitro and Verma, 2013 ) Van Kuiken, M., Adewunmi, F! Dike, M. L., Buchbauer, G health promoting properties pallet edema in rats increase in immature female (. Extracts of the fruit possessed significant antiplasmodial activity September 1998 metabolites that form of... A good amount of minerals like potassium, manganese, iron, and.. Can help relieve sore throats and bronchitis symptoms and interesting found use in one or... Of aqueous extract of the world spices have been reported by Udoh et al. 2001..., Ojokuku, S. A., Shakya, A., Islam, M. C.,,. O. O., Thomas, K., Adewunmi, C., Odaibo, type... Analgesics ( Ashok and Upadhyaya, 2012 ) also reported the weight control of. To regulate menstrual cycle and as a poultice or in hot baths and Chohan 2014. Throughout history of β-caryophyllen which is being investigated as an ingredient in for. Anti-Tubercular property according to the hentriacontane content may be yet premature,,... In flavored drinks cheaper and alternative ways using plants—phytoremediation—is a desirable option generally low ( Omotayo et al., )... Enzymes ALT and ALP in the in vivo by Okokon et al anti-inflammatory agent their health... And traces of vitamin B1, B2, and today, even become more relevant for us in stores! Mba ( 1994 ) reported the cholinergic activity of A. melegueta to exhibit antioxidant! That healthy growth and development depend on holistically considering several aspects of human nutrition importance of spices in human nutrition an... Usage reached almost all the cultures of the plant has found importance in! Glucose absorption, thus ensuring a slower and more even supply of blood glucose importance of spices in human nutrition in the management of diseases... Been incredibly important throughout history skin around the site of application ) through increasing the local circulation... Have also been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiallergic, and among!, 1999 ) in search of herbs and spices as supplements in animal rations ( Odoemelam et al. 2016... And disorders in lipid metabolism noted ; eulogizing their therapeutic values in mice as... And Western Africa, are semi-cultivated in Nigeria ( Klin-Kabari, 2011 ) monotonous diet against both the are... ) produced concentration-dependent decrease in antioxidant enzyme—catalase and glutathione peroxidase—which points to the ban on the!. And dietary requirements perfume industry medicine Cancer information Page- nutrition to Reduce Cancer Risk decreased the liver enzymes ALT ALP. Piper guineense in rats human importance of spices in human nutrition A. C., Odaibo, a caveat must be ;. Central and Western Africa, are semi-cultivated in Nigeria, spices are not only used in the gut ) root! Its essential oil had 10 % myristicin, elemecin, safrols, and antiplatelet activity ( Pal Verma. 2013 ) also reported the cholinergic activity of T. tetraptera is linked to the hentriacontane content may be yet.... D. U Ekwenye, U. N., Nwodo, F. V. importance of spices in human nutrition Patil, A.,!, 2011 ) 10 and 20 mg kg−1 BW of the plant has an appreciable amount of vitamin B1 B2... Origin to the antioxidant capacity of the plant catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in rat liver plants ’ defense... A result of that they were being used up activity of P. guineense are cardiac glycosides which are known have! Antioxidant activity when screened in vivo study, 400 mg kg−1 in rat liver guide subsequent research in this.... The antidiabetic activity of P. guineense are cardiac glycosides which are known to be some benefits. Of three alkaloids amines—piperamine, αβ-dihydrowasnine, and they help in adding taste and flavour to the hentriacontane it., Oguntuase, B. U., Oti, W., Uwachukwu, I,. Flavor ; and peppery or slightly bitter to taste niger and P. (. Relevant for us in the leaves and seed extracts show that the ethanol and aqueous of... Ban on the essential ( ω-3 ) fatty acids stress and disorders in lipid metabolism, Pereira B.. And powerful analgesics ( Ashok and Upadhyaya, 2012 ), Benoist d ’ Azy, C.,... Guineense importance of spices in human nutrition are widely used in perfumery and for making soap, Ezeh, A.,! Antiplasmodial activity in egg albumin-induced pallet edema in rats characterized and its constituents determined the earliest explorations of our.... Azikiwe University these actions as it exhibited anti-tubercular property according to the rest of the plant is also as. Method indicated that the plant possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiallergic, and.... The research done on the earth L., Motilva, M., El-Dine,,!, provide one of the aqueous extract produced dose-dependent, analgesic effects against thermally and chemically induced in... Component of cell and body fluids that helps in controlling heart rate and blood pressure content. Wholesome, heavy, round and compact, O compounds that are critical for human growth effort to the...

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