In these pages, we tackle the subject from an objective, scientific viewpoint, discussing the causes and consequences of climate change and how it … The Convention on Climate Change sets an overall framework for intergovernmental efforts to tackle the challenge posed by climate change. An urban area characterized by temperatures higher than those of the surrounding non-urban area. Cryosphere By performing chemical analyses on the air trapped in the ice, scientists can estimate the percentage of carbon dioxide and other trace gases in the atmosphere at a given time. The submergence of land by water, particularly in a coastal setting. A metric ton is equal to 2205 lbs or 1.1 short tons. See aerosol, sulfate aerosols. The process whereby living organisms convert organic matter to CO2, releasing energy and consuming O2. Carbon Footprint See infrared radiation. [4]. The opposite of an El Niño event is called La Niña. It has climatic effects throughout the Pacific region and in many other parts of the world. It also includes greenhouse gases that come from producing the goods or services that the individual uses, including emissions from power plants that make electricity, factories that make products, and landfills where trash gets sent. Climate Investment Funds The $8.3 billion Climate Investment Funds (CIF) is providing 72 developing and middle income countries with urgently needed resources to manage the challenges of climate change and reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. See atmosphere, ultraviolet radiation. [1]. [4], Water Vapor Powerful synthetic greenhouse gases such as hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride that are emitted from a variety of industrial processes. Carbon Capture and Sequestration Download here your action plan against climate change!. Abrupt Climate Change Short Ton Climate Feedback The process in which a coral colony, under environmental stress expels the microscopic algae (zooxanthellae) that live in symbiosis with their host organisms (polyps). Although ozone depleting substances, they are less potent at destroying stratospheric ozone than chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Very small pieces of solid or liquid matter such as particles of soot, dust, fumes, mists or aerosols. Ocean acidification is increasing. The benefits of policies that are implemented for various reasons at the same time including climate change mitigation acknowledging that most policies designed to address greenhouse gas mitigation also have other, often at least equally important, rationales (e.g., related to objectives of development, sustainability, and equity). Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the "average weather", or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. Amount of a chemical in a particular volume or weight of air, water, soil, or other medium. [4]. Compounds containing only hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon atoms. The degree to which a system is affected, either adversely or beneficially, by climate variability or change. Too much ultraviolet radiation can burn the skin, cause skin cancer and cataracts, and damage vegetation. Coral Bleaching [3], Ozone Precursors Climate change refers to any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time. The part of the Earth system comprising all ecosystems and living organisms, in the atmosphere, on land (terrestrial biosphere) or in the oceans (marine biosphere), including derived dead organic matter, such as litter, soil organic matter and oceanic detritus. WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE AND HOW DOES IT AFFECT YOU? It is emitted directly into the atmosphere in the form of fine particles (PM2.5). Photosynthesis See climate, radiative forcing. The global warming potential of SF6 is 22,800. [13], Sensitivity See ozone precursors. Geologic sequestration is one step in the process of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), and involves injecting carbon dioxide deep underground where it stays permanently. [3]. Climate change refers to any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time. [8] [13]. [14], Reforestation Since they are not destroyed in the lower atmosphere, CFCs drift into the upper atmosphere where, given suitable conditions, they break down ozone. “Ethical veganism results in a profound revolution within the individual; a complete rejection of the paradigm of oppression and violence that she has been taught from childhood to accept as the natural order. A short ton is equal to 2,000 lbs or 0.907 metric tons. Preliminary Review of Adaptation Options for Climate Sensitive Ecosystems and Resources, gather and share information on greenhouse gas emissions, national policies and best practices, launch national strategies for addressing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to expected impacts, including the provision of financial and technological support to developing countries, cooperate in preparing for adaptation to the impacts of climate change. The timing of natural events, such as flower blooms and animal migration, which is influenced by changes in climate. Eccentricity Terrestrial, or biologic, carbon sequestration is the process by which trees and plants absorb carbon dioxide, release the oxygen, and store the carbon. This process is called enteric fermentation, and it represents one third of the emissions from the agriculture sector. This material is generally sent to municipal landfills for disposal. Co-Benefit Coal Mine Methane A simple way of remembering the difference is that climate is what you expect (e.g. With respect to greenhouse gases, residence time refers to how long on average a particular molecule remains in the atmosphere. A process that acts to amplify or reduce direct warming or cooling effects. Weather 1 trillion (1012) grams = 1 million (106) metric tons. Coastal Sensitivity to Sea Level Rise: A Focus on the Mid-Atlantic Region11  National Weather Service Glossary12  UN LDC criteria Exit 13  IPCC Fourth Assessment Report Working Group 1: The Physical Science Basis Exit14  EPA Heat Island Effect Glossary15  US Climate Change Science Program. Tundra Megacities Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the "average weather," or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to thousands of years. Coalbed Methane Chemical compounds, such as carbon monoxide, methane, non-methane hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides, which in the presence of solar radiation react with other chemical compounds to form ozone, mainly in the troposphere. The seas are rising. Methane is produced through anaerobic (without oxygen) decomposition of waste in landfills, animal digestion, decomposition of animal wastes, production and distribution of natural gas and petroleum, coal production, and incomplete fossil fuel combustion. The carbon dioxide equivalent for a gas is derived by multiplying the tons of the gas by the associated GWP. [1], Storm Surge [8]. Atmospheric lifetime is the average time that a molecule resides in the atmosphere before it is removed by chemical reaction or deposition. [3], Deforestation Such mechanisms include changes in solar irradiance, volcanic eruptions, and enhancement of the natural greenhouse effect by emissions of greenhouse gases. [5]. See ozone depleting substance. Infrared radiation consists of light whose wavelength is longer than the red color in the visible part of the spectrum, but shorter than microwave radiation. The Convention enjoys near universal membership, with 189 countries having ratified. Common fluorocarbons include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and perfluorocarbons (PFCs). Factors which increase or amplify (positive feedback) or decrease (negative feedback) the rate of a process. Chlorofluorocarbons United States Environmental Protection Agency, Third Assessment Report Working Group I: The Scientific Basis, Third Assessment Report Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vunerability, Third Assessment Report Working Group III: Migration, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, IPCC Third Assessment Report Working Group I: The Scientific Basis, IPCC Third Assessment Report Working Group III: Mitigation, Energy Information Administration's Energy Glossary, IPCC Third Assessment Report Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Energy Information Administration's Energy Efficiency Glossary, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability, US Climate Change Science Program. Ocean Acidification The layer of ozone that begins approximately 15 km above Earth and thins to an almost negligible amount at about 50 km, shields the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Adaptation See General Circulation Model. "on all spatial and temporal scales beyond that of individual weather events." [4]. A multi-year surplus accumulation of snowfall in excess of snowmelt on land and resulting in a mass of ice at least 0.1 km2 in area that shows some evidence of movement in response to gravity. Nitrogen takes on a variety of chemical forms throughout the nitrogen cycle, including nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). See greenhouse gas, anthropogenic, climate, global warming. As urban areas develop, buildings, roads, and other infrastructure replace open land and vegetation. These chemicals (predominantly CF4 and C2F6) were introduced as alternatives, along with hydrofluorocarbons, to the ozone depleting substances. Learn more. [4]. [1], Heat Island There are several pathways of photosynthesis with different responses to atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Emissions. [8], Soil Carbon During an El Niño event, the prevailing trade winds weaken and the equatorial countercurrent strengthens, causing warm surface waters in the Indonesian area to flow eastward to overlie the cold waters of the Peru current. Although ultraviolet radiation constitutes only about 5 percent of the total energy emitted from the sun, it is the major energy source for the stratosphere and mesosphere, playing a dominant role in both energy balance and chemical composition. Carbon Sequestration Group of countries included in Annex I (as amended in 1998) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, including all the developed countries in the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development, and economies in transition. [4], Ozone The eruption of Mount Pinatubo ejected enough particulate and sulfate aerosol matter into the atmosphere to block some of the incoming solar radiation from reaching Earth's atmosphere. [3]. See weather. A treeless, level, or gently undulating plain characteristic of the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions characterized by low temperatures and short growing seasons. greenhouse gas (GHG), aerosol, or land use change) on the net change in the Earths energy balance. In addition to its role as a natural greenhouse gas, water vapor also affects the temperature of the planet because clouds form when excess water vapor in the atmosphere condenses to form ice and water droplets and precipitation. PFCs do not harm the stratospheric ozone layer, but they are powerful greenhouse gases: CF4 has a global warming potential (GWP) of 7,390 and C2F6 has a GWP of 12,200. This glossary of climate change is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to climate change, global warming, and related topics. Carbon-fluorine compounds that often contain other elements such as hydrogen, chlorine, or bromine. Nitrogen, oxygen, and argon make up more than 99 percent of the Earth's atmosphere. Climate change is a change in the pattern of weather, and related changes in oceans, land surfaces and ice sheets, occurring over time scales of decades or longer. Planting of forests on lands that have previously contained forests but that have been converted to some other use. All these substances are also greenhouse gases. A quantitative way of representing the interactions of the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, and ice. See short ton. [4], Greenhouse Gas (GHG) [11], Least Developed Country An example is collecting aluminum cans, melting them down, and using the aluminum to make new cans or other aluminum products. Includes wood, wood waste, wood liquors, peat, railroad ties, wood sludge, spent sulfite liquors, agricultural waste, straw, tires, fish oils, tall oil, sludge waste, waste alcohol, municipal solid waste, landfill gases, other waste, and ethanol blended into motor gasoline. Atmospheric Lifetime Carbon dioxide equivalents are commonly expressed as "million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MMTCO2Eq)." The affected coral colony appears whitened. Climate Changes And Climate Change 1016 Words | 5 Pages “Climate change is a reality that is happening now, and that we can see its impact across the world” (Haddrill, 2014) Climate change is the changes in the pattern of the climate due to natural and human activities that has been used inappropriately. a blizzard). See ultraviolet radiation, infrared radiation, solar radiation, longwave radiation. Here are some terms to help you follow the debate around climate change. A prolonged period of excessive heat, often combined with excessive humidity. Inglés. In addition the atmosphere contains water vapor, whose amount is highly variable but typically 1% volume mixing ratio. See greenhouse gas. The energy range just beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum. A naturally occurring gas, and also a by-product of burning fossil fuels and biomass, as well as land-use changes and other industrial processes. It describes changes in the state of the atmosphere over time scales ranging from decades to millions of years. One method of evaluating the equilibrium climate sensitivity requires very long simulations with Coupled General Circulation Models (Climate model). The delay that occurs in climate change as a result of some factor that changes only very slowly. While humans are not significantly increasing its concentration through direct emissions, it contributes to the enhanced greenhouse effect because the warming influence of greenhouse gases leads to a positive water vapor feedback. They … This event has great impact on the wind, sea surface temperature, and precipitation patterns in the tropical Pacific. In general, if a quantity of a compound is emitted into the atmosphere at a particular time, about 35 percent of that quantity will remain in the atmosphere at the end of the compound's atmospheric lifetime. Trapping and build-up of heat in the atmosphere (troposphere) near the Earths surface. The natural circulation of nitrogen among the atmosphere, plants, animals, and microorganisms that live in soil and water. We’re at a historic moment with the UNFCCC COP 21, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 21st Conference of the Parties, in Paris set to begin next month. Afforestation Indirect emissions from a building, home or business are those emissions of greenhouse gases that occur as a result of the generation of electricity used in that building. Using less energy to provide the same service. A plausible and often simplified description of how the future may develop based on a coherent and internally consistent set of assumptions about driving forces and key relationships. See concentration. The surface water sinks in highly restricted sinking regions located in high latitudes. GCMs are highly complex and they represent the effects of such factors as reflective and absorptive properties of atmospheric water vapor, greenhouse gas concentrations, clouds, annual and daily solar heating, ocean temperatures and ice boundaries. They were introduced as alternatives to ozone depleting substances in serving many industrial, commercial, and personal needs. The average time spent in a reservoir by an individual atom or molecule. See troposphere. Fluorocarbons Select two options from the dropdown menus below to … Compounds containing either chlorine, bromine or fluorine and carbon. Find more ways to say climate, along with related words, antonyms and example phrases at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. Small particles or liquid droplets in the atmosphere that can absorb or reflect sunlight depending on their composition. The location north or south in reference to the equator, which is designated at zero (0) degrees. Nitrous oxide is mainly removed from the atmosphere through destruction in the stratosphere by ultraviolet radiation and associated chemical reactions, but it can also be consumed by certain types of bacteria in soils. Climate Lag Some gases in the Earth's atmosphere act a bit like the glass in a greenhouse, trapping the sun's heat and stopping it from leaking back into space.Many of these gases occur naturally, but human activity is increasing the concentrations of some of them in the atmosphere, in particular: 1. carbon dioxide (CO2) 2. methane 3. nitrous oxide 4. fluorinated gasesCO2 is the greenhouse gas most commonly produced by human activities and it is responsible for 64% of man-made global … Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Radiation emitted in the spectral wavelength greater than about 4 micrometers, corresponding to the radiation emitted from the Earth and atmosphere. Natural Gas Words in the News: 2 August 2013 A powerful greenhouse gas with a global warming potential of 298 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2). Substances containing only hydrogen and carbon. Climate in a wider sense is the state, including a statistical description, of the climate system. Ozone, the triatomic form of oxygen (O3), is a gaseous atmospheric constituent. A measure of the influence of a particular factor (e.g. In the climate-change discussion it is implicit that the substituted fuel produces lower carbon emissions per unit energy produced than the original fuel, e.g., natural gas for coal. [3]. A family of man-made compounds that includes, but are not limited to, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), bromofluorocarbons (halons), methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, methyl bromide, and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). The downward settling of the Earth's crust relative to its surroundings. See ozone depleting substance. A persons carbon footprint includes greenhouse gas emissions from fuel that an individual burns directly, such as by heating a home or riding in a car. Borehole Usually used in the context of emissions that are produced as a result of human activities. The classical period is 3 decades, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Many people do not know what it really amounts to, either due to unreliable sources or deliberate misinformation, which has led to a series of myths about climate change. They do not significantly deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, but they are powerful greenhouse gases with global warming potentials ranging from 140 (HFC-152a) to 11,700 (HFC-23). [1]. Recycling There are many platforms for us to utilize that can allow us to spread our message easily. The dry atmosphere consists almost entirely of nitrogen (78.1% volume mixing ratio) and oxygen (20.9% volume mixing ratio), together with a number of trace gases, such as argon (0.93% volume mixing ratio), helium, radiatively active greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (0.035% volume mixing ratio), and ozone. The ability of a surface material to reflect sunlight including the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet wavelengths. [1], Snowpack That's according to a study which has linked climate change to increased conflict in the world. Infrared radiation can be perceived as heat. Perennially (continually) frozen ground that occurs where the temperature remains below 0ºC for several years. [6]. Depletion of stratospheric ozone, due to chemical reactions that may be enhanced by climate change, results in an increased ground-level flux of ultraviolet (UV-) B radiation. Whether you use word of mouth or social media, there are always ways to educate others on what climate change is doing to our planet. Biofuels The increase in ocean water levels at a specific location, taking into account both global sea level rise and local factors, such as local subsidence and uplift. The highest natural concentration of ozone (approximately 10 parts per million by volume) occurs in the stratosphere at approximately 25 km above Earth. Most ultraviolet radiation is blocked by Earth's atmosphere, but some solar ultraviolet penetrates and aids in plant photosynthesis and helps produce vitamin D in humans. In contrast, solar radiation is mainly short-wave radiation because of the temperature of the Sun. These gases are being replaced by other compounds: hydrochlorofluorocarbons, an interim replacement for CFCs that are also covered under the Montreal Protocol, and hydrofluorocarbons, which are covered under the Kyoto Protocol. Learn our top climate terms below. See radiation, infrared radiation, radiative forcing. (Los Angeles Times) Natural variations in climate over time are caused by internal processes of the climate system, such as El Niño as well as changes in external influences, such as volcanic activity and variations in the output of the sun. The increase in volume (and decrease in density) that results from warming water. Global Average Temperature List of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in the study of climate change, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, post–Kyoto Protocol negotiations on greenhouse gas emissions, "What's in a name? The enhancement of the growth of plants as a result of increased atmospheric CO2 concentration. [1], Precession Coalbed methane is methane contained in coal seams, and is often referred to as virgin coalbed methane, or coal seam gas. Alternative Energy [1]. Phenology is the study of such important seasonal events. Tropospheric ozone acts as a greenhouse gas. Quotes tagged as "climate-change" Showing 1-30 of 525. Energy resources that are naturally replenishing such as biomass, hydro, geothermal, solar, wind, ocean thermal, wave action, and tidal action. This may lead to reduced calcification rates of calcifying organisms such as corals, mollusks, algae and crustaceans. General Circulation Models which incorporate the effects of sulfate aerosols more accurately predict global temperature variations. [4], Particulate matter (PM) Conference of the Parties These quantities are most often surface variables such as temperature, precipitation, and wind. Climate change is now a major concern especially in colder countries. This could be a change in how much rain a place usually gets in a year. And when we allow room for belief, we also allow room for disbelief, scepticism, and denial. [8], Heat Waves These chemicals are predominantly human-made, though there is a small natural source of CF4. climate change n. noun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. Climate change joined immigration, job creation, food safety, pilot training, veterans' care, campaign finance, transportation security, labor law, mine safety, wildfire management, and scores of executive and judicial appointments on the list of matters that the world's greatest deliberative body is incapable of addressing. [8], Oxidize [8], Evapotranspiration Emissions are any release of gases such as carbon dioxide which cause global warming, a major cause of climate change. This fraction will continue to decrease in an exponential way, so that about 15 percent of the quantity will remain at the end of two times the atmospheric lifetime, etc. The gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth. Common international measurement for the quantity of greenhouse gas emissions. A very powerful greenhouse gas used primarily in electrical transmission and distribution systems and as a dielectric in electronics. A U.S. Environmental Protection Agency voluntary program that helps businesses and individuals save money and protect our climate through superior energy efficiency. A process during which larger areas of habitat are broken into a number of smaller patches of smaller total area, isolated from each other by a matrix of habitats unlike the original habitat. The importance of educating others about climate change cannot be overstated in our modern society. Water vapor is an important part of the natural greenhouse effect. The wobble over thousands of years of the tilt of the Earths axis with respect to the plane of the solar system. [8], Thermohaline Circulation Other gases, such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, oxides of nitrogen, ozone, and ammonia, are considered trace gases. In other words, climate change includes major changes in temperature, precipitation, or wind patterns, among others, that occur over several decades or longer. Water that has been used and contains dissolved or suspended waste materials. In other words, climate change includes major changes in temperature, precipitation, or wind patterns, among other effects, that occur over several decades or … In most places, weather can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, and season-to-season. This coupled atmosphere-ocean phenomenon is collectively known as El Niño-Southern Oscillation. In addition, PFCs are emitted as by-products of industrial processes and are also used in manufacturing. '' Showing 1-30 of 525 heat Waves a prolonged period of excessive heat, often combined with humidity! Composed of carbon and fluorine only, 1998 ) for a particular region cloudiness and. The Pacific region and in many other parts of the influence of a substance usually. 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